Monday, March 25, 2013

Metal-Air Batteries May Replace Lithium-Ion as the New 'It' Battery Technology - Although Significant Challenges Remain

New technical innovations in metal air batteries may place this technology in a position to replace lithium-ion batteries as the new 'It' battery for grid storage and electric vehicles.  Several companies are announcing new breakthroughs that address the long term issues associated with metal air batteries.  Metal air batteries work by oxidizing the metal surfaces, using oxygen.  Common metals used in metal air batteries include aluminum, zinc, lithium and iron.  Commercially available batteries include zinc-air batteries, which are used in hearing aids and pagers.  Due to the difficulties in recharging, currently available zinc-air batteries are single use batteries.

One company, Phinergy, is developing an aluminum air battery to provide electric cars with 1,000 mile range.  Here is a company video that explains the technology:


One of the companies that is advancing the technology is Fluidic Energy, based in Scottsdale, Arizona.  Fluidic is targeting the backup power market for telecommunications, which currently is dominated by diesel generators and lead acid batteries.  Fluidic is also partially funded by the United States Department of Energy, raising $5.13 million in 2009, and ARPA-e, raising close to $3 million.  More recently, it was announced in March, 2013, that Fluidic secured a Series B round of funding, although no mention of the amount raised can be found.  This is in addition to a company regulatory filing in January, 2011 that stated a capital raise of $17.3 million.

The advantage of metal-air batteries is the significant amount of energy stored, with upwards of three-to-four times as much energy stored as compared to lithium-ion batteries.  This offers great promise, although the key challenge has been the difficulty in the ability to recharge the batteries.  In addition, it is also rarely mentioned that metal air batteries also have low round trip efficiency, perhaps as low as fifty percent (50%).

Some of the companies that are active in developing metal air batteries include:

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